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Clarification on high Nfail counts in modkit pileup output despite valid coverage

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Tipo de issue
Documentación
Claridad
Necesita aclaración
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Estancado
Stack tecnológico
rust

Línea de trabajo

Start with the modkit pileup entry point and the definitions of Nfail, valid_coverage, count_modified, and count_canonical in the documentation. Reproduce the reported command with the stated filters, then document which filters produce Nfail and how min-mod-prob affects interpretation; done means the questions have a clear, supported explanation.

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Descripción

question

Hi modkit team,

I am analyzing CpG methylation using modkit pileup on Oxford Nanopore data
(mapped BAMs, reference-guided).

Across multiple samples, I observe that the majority of reads contributing to
coverage end up in the Nfail column, even when valid_coverage ≥ 3.

Some details:

  • Genome: Plasmodium falciparum 3D7

  • Command used (example):

    modkit pileup
    --reference PlasmoDB-64_Pfalciparum3D7_Genome.fasta
    --modified-bases C
    --combine-mods
    input.bam output.bed

  • In the resulting bedMethyl files:

    • valid_coverage is often high (≥3 for many CpGs)
    • count_modified and count_canonical are low
    • most reads appear to be classified as Nfail
    • fraction of methylated CpGs among covered sites is very low

This behavior is consistent across samples and across different coverage cutoffs.

My questions:

  1. Is a high Nfail count expected behavior in cases of low-confidence or low-level CpG methylation?
  2. Which filters most commonly cause reads to be classified as Nfail?
    (e.g. modification probability threshold, basecall quality, alignment flags, context mismatch)
  3. Is there a recommended way to summarize or interpret datasets where
    valid coverage exists but most reads fail confidence filters?
  4. Would adjusting parameters like min-mod-prob be appropriate to explore this further?

The behavior seems biologically plausible for this organism, but I would like
to confirm that my interpretation of Nfail is correct.

Thanks for the great tool, and for any clarification!

Lenguaje dominante
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