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.dockerignore matching ignores filename case on Linux

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Assessment

Difficulty
2/5
Estimated time
1-3 hours
Newbie friendliness
82/100
Issue type
Bug
Clarity
Clearly specified
Activity status
Active
Tech stack
docker, python
Domain
build-system

Research direction

Start from docker.utils.tar and the pattern-matching code it calls (docker/utils/build.py, the exclude helpers) to see why README.md also matches readme.md on Linux while BuildKit keeps it. The issue's reproduce-case.py script gives a daemon-free way to verify behavior; adapt it as a test alongside the existing build/tar tests in tests/unit/utils_test.py. Done means case-sensitive exclusion on Linux, with the reproducer showing readme.md retained.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Description

🤖 this issue description was generated by an LLM. i reviewed it before submitting. 🤖

I used Codex for the investigation, reproduction scripts, and this draft.

When I generate a build context with docker.utils.tar, the pattern README.md removes both README.md and readme.md on Linux. Docker's BuildKit keeps readme.md with the same input. The SDK therefore removes a file that the Dockerfile could otherwise copy.

Reproduction

Save this script as reproduce-case.py:

import tarfile
from pathlib import Path
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory

import docker
from docker.utils import tar

patterns = ['README.md']
files = ['README.md', 'readme.md']
with TemporaryDirectory() as directory:
    root = Path(directory)
    (root / 'Dockerfile').write_text('FROM scratch\nCOPY . /\n')
    (root / '.dockerignore').write_text('\n'.join(patterns) + '\n')
    for relative in files:
        path = root / relative
        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        path.write_text(relative)
    with tar(str(root), exclude=patterns.copy()) as context:
        with tarfile.open(fileobj=context) as archive:
            actual = sorted(name for name in archive.getnames() if name in files)
    print('docker:', docker.__version__)
    print('patterns:', patterns)
    print('SDK context files:', actual)

I ran it in an isolated uv environment, using commit 56343ddf8f0c44281e151c2dad016c16cdb8393d:

uv run --isolated --no-project --no-config --no-cache \
  --python /home/jyn/.local/share/mise/installs/python/3.14.7/bin/python3 \
  --with 'docker @ git+https://github.com/docker/docker-py@56343ddf8f0c44281e151c2dad016c16cdb8393d' \
  python reproduce-case.py

The --python path selects my tested Python installation; use the path to your Python executable on another machine. The pinned requirement selects the upstream SDK rather than an installed copy. I did not modify the SDK or replace its modules with mocks. This reproducer creates disposable files and examines the SDK's context tar without contacting a Docker daemon.

Expected behavior

The SDK should exclude README.md and retain readme.md on Linux. I built the same two files with FROM scratch and COPY . / using BuildKit, and its local output retained readme.md.

Actual output

docker: 7.2.1.dev26+g56343ddf8
patterns: ['README.md']
SDK context files: []

BuildKit control

I ran the following standalone control with Docker's active lima context and lima builder. It creates the same input files, runs docker buildx build with a local filesystem export, and enumerates every exported regular file before removing the temporary directories. The command uses the active Docker context and builder; another machine can use its own working configuration.

Buildx command and exported-file inspection

Save this script as buildkit-control-case.py:

import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory

patterns = ['README.md']
files = ['README.md', 'readme.md']
with TemporaryDirectory() as directory:
    context = Path(directory) / 'input'
    context.mkdir()
    output = Path(directory) / 'output'
    (context / 'Dockerfile').write_text('FROM scratch\nCOPY . /\n')
    (context / '.dockerignore').write_text('\n'.join(patterns) + '\n')
    for relative in files:
        path = context / relative
        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        path.write_text(relative)
    subprocess.run([
        'docker', 'buildx', 'build',
        '--progress=plain', '--provenance=false',
        '--output', f'type=local,dest={output}', str(context),
    ], check=True)
    print('BuildKit output files:', sorted(
        path.relative_to(output).as_posix()
        for path in output.rglob('*') if path.is_file()
    ))

Run it with:

python3 buildkit-control-case.py

I got this stdout; Buildx wrote its progress log to stderr and exited successfully:

BuildKit output files: ['.dockerignore', 'Dockerfile', 'readme.md']

Environment

  • Docker SDK for Python: 7.2.1.dev26+g56343ddf8, using upstream commit 56343ddf8f0c44281e151c2dad016c16cdb8393d.
  • Python: 3.14.7 (main, Sep 29 2026, 15:01:40) [Clang 22.1.3 ].
  • OS/distribution: CachyOS Linux, rolling release (BUILD_ID=rolling; /etc/os-release does not define VERSION_ID).
  • Kernel/platform: Linux-7.2.9-1-cachyos-x86_64-with-glibc2.44.
  • Docker CLI: 29.8.2; Docker Engine: 29.8.0 (linux/amd64).
  • Buildx: github.com/docker/buildx 0.37.2 2d379c0c3f22da0d2759d132a0ec81ca949098f0.
  • The SDK tar reproducer requires no engine connection; the separate BuildKit comparison used the versions above.
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