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`profiling.sampling` in `--binary` mode raises a `UnicodeEncodeError` while collecting the samples

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Issue-Typ
Bug
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python
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tooling

Rechercherichtung

Start with Lib/profiling/sampling/binary_collector.py, where the traceback shows the failing write, and inspect how sample stack frame strings are encoded. Reproduce with the xarray documentation profiling command on Python 3.15.1; done means binary mode collects samples without raising UnicodeEncodeError for the reported surrogate character.

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Beschreibung

extension-modules topic-profiling type-bug
Bug report

when trying to profile building xarray's docs with profiling.sampling I get a UnicodeEncodeError while collecting the result.

For now, the command to reproduce is:

git clone https://github.com/pydata/xarray
cd xarray
pixi run -e doc python -m profiling.sampling run --binary -o profile.bin -m sphinx -b html -d _build/doctrees . _build/html

And the traceback is:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 201, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 87, in _run_code
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/__main__.py", line 65, in <module>
    main()
    ~~~~^^
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/cli.py", line 1011, in main
    _main()
    ~~~~~^^
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/cli.py", line 1167, in _main
    handler(args)
    ~~~~~~~^^^^^^
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/cli.py", line 1316, in _handle_run
    collector = sample(
        process.pid,
    ...<9 lines>...
        blocking=args.blocking,
    )
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/sample.py", line 535, in sample
    profiler.sample(collector, duration_sec, async_aware=async_aware)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/sample.py", line 192, in sample
    raise e from None
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/sample.py", line 180, in sample
    collector.collect(stack_frames)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File ".../xarray/.pixi/envs/doc/lib/python3.15/profiling/sampling/binary_collector.py", line 112, in collect
    self._writer.write_sample(stack_frames, timestamp_us)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
UnicodeEncodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\uddd0' in position 240: surrogates not allowed

I'm fully aware that this isn't a very minimal reproducer, but I didn't manage to find a minimal example as everything else I tried does not fail.

If you need more information or have any ideas on how to narrow this down I'd be happy to help.

versions:

python: 3.15.1 (conda-forge, linux-64)
sphinx: 9.2.0

(for a full env see https://github.com/pydata/xarray/actions/runs/40041611450/job/120713798864#step:3:1830 (lines 1830-2055))

CPython versions tested on:

3.15

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Linked PRs
  • gh-160615
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