Hacktoberfest 2026：維護者為十月標記出來的 issue，仍然開放、適合新手。 瀏覽 Hacktoberfest issue

sorts: make algorithms sort any comparable items, not just ints

未關閉 適合新手
  • 哪裡不對？
#15,234 91 則留言 0 個 reaction 已指派 0 人 在 GitHub 檢視

維護者通常 1 天內回覆

還沒有人認領這個 Issue。

評估

難度
2/5
預估耗時
1-3 小時
新手友好度
74/100
Issue 類型
功能
描述清晰度
描述清楚
活躍度
活躍
技術堆疊
python
領域
data

研究方向

選擇 sorts/ 中一個尚未勾選的比較排序演算法，並使用 insertion_sort.py 作為 Comparable/TypeVar 模式的參考實作。將可比較的非整數案例和 TypeError 案例以 doctest 形式新增，並加入 tests/test_sorts.py。完成的標準是：該演算法保留元素型別、拒絕混合的不可比較輸入，且仍由相關測試涵蓋。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。

描述

enhancement good first issue hacktoberfest tracking issue

Many of our sorts/ implementations are written and tested only against list[int], even though most comparison sorts work for any items that support <. This issue collects the small, well-scoped changes that make them correctly typed and tested for the general case — a good batch of beginner-friendly PRs for Hacktoberfest.

The type hint to use

Comparison sorts need items that are orderable, not Any. Model that with a small Protocol and a TypeVar bound to it:

from typing import Protocol


class Comparable(Protocol):
    def __lt__(self, other: object, /) -> bool: ...


def bubble_sort[T: Comparable](collection: list[T]) -> list[T]:
    ...

list[T] (with T bound to Comparable) is more precise than list[Any]: it says "a list of items that can be compared with each other" and preserves the element type in the return.

Note: counting/radix/bucket/pigeonhole sorts are not comparison sorts — they rely on integer keys. Those should keep their integer-specific hints and are out of scope here.

The tests to add

For each comparison sort, cover a comparable non-int type and the failure mode. Add both a doctest and a case in tests/test_sorts.py:

# succeeds: strings are comparable
assert bubble_sort(["c", "a", "b"]) == ["a", "b", "c"]

# succeeds: floats and ints are comparable
assert bubble_sort([2.5, -1, 0.0]) == [-1, 0.0, 2.5]

# raises: mixing non-comparable types must not silently mis-sort
import pytest

with pytest.raises(TypeError):
    bubble_sort([1, "a"])          # '<' not supported between int and str

The TypeError case matters: a sort that "succeeds" on non-comparable input is a correctness bug, so the test should assert the exception rather than a result.

How to contribute
  • Pick one comparison sort from sorts/ (comment which one so we don't double up).
  • Switch Any → the Comparable/TypeVar pattern above.
  • Add the succeed + raise cases as doctests and to tests/test_sorts.py.
  • Keep it to one algorithm per PR so reviews stay quick.
  • Link this issue without closing it: reference it as Part of #15234 or Ref #15234 in your PR description — not Closes/Fixes/Resolves #15234. A closing keyword makes GitHub auto-close this umbrella issue when your PR merges, even though other checkboxes remain. This issue should stay open until every box is checked.

I'll help review these and update the checklist below. Refs #15081.

Sort algorithms that can sort any comparable items

  • adaptive_merge_sort.py
  • bead_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • binary_insertion_sort.py
  • bitonic_sort.py -- needs a power-of-two length
  • bogo_sort.py
  • bubble_sort.py
  • bubble_sort_recursive
  • bucket_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • circle_sort.py
  • cocktail_shaker_sort.py
  • comb_sort.py
  • counting_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • cycle_sort.py
  • cyclic_sort.py
  • double_sort.py
  • dutch_national_flag_sort.py -- expects only 0/1/2
  • exchange_sort.py
  • external_sort.py
  • flash_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • gnome_sort.py
  • heap_sort.py
  • insertion_sort.py -- a good reference implementation to study <--
  • intro_sort.py
  • iterative_merge_sort.py
  • kirkpatrick_reisch_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • merge_insertion_sort.py
  • merge_sort.py
  • msd_radix_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • natural_sort.py
  • odd_even_sort.py
  • odd_even_transposition_parallel.py
  • odd_even_transposition_single_threaded.py
  • pancake_sort.py
  • patience_sort.py
  • pigeon_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • pigeonhole_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • power_sort.py
  • quick_sort.py
  • quick_sort_3_partition.py
  • radix_sort.py -- not a comparison sort
  • recursive_insertion_sort.py
  • recursive_mergesort_array.py
  • recursive_quick_sort.py
  • reversort.py
  • reverse_selection.py
  • selection_sort.py
  • shell_sort.py
  • shrink_shell_sort.py
  • slowsort.py
  • smoothsort.py
  • stalin_sort.py -- causes data loss!
  • stooge_sort.py
  • strand_sort.py
  • tim_sort.py
  • topological_sort.py -- sorts directed acyclic graphs
  • tree_sort.py
  • unknown_sort.py
  • wiggle_sort.py -- deliberately doesn't fully sort
主要語言
Python
星號
225k
分支
51.1k
平均合併
18 小時 46 分鐘
30 天內合併 PR
176

環境準備

在 Codespaces 中開啟

在瀏覽器裡用你自己的 GitHub 帳號啟動這個專案的開發容器。

從這裡開始

  1. 先讀完整個 Issue，再讀專案的貢獻指南。
  2. 在 Issue 下留言說明你要接手 —— 這能避免兩個人做同樣的事。
  3. Fork 儲存庫，在一個分支上完成修改。
  4. 送出 Pull Request，並在描述裡引用這個 Issue 編號。

TheAlgorithms/Python 的其他 Issue

查看 TheAlgorithms/Python 的全部 Issue

相似的 Issue

更多 Python Issue

把新 issue 寄到你的電子郵件信箱

精選適合新手參與的 GitHub issue 摘要。