Different child termination behavior during Kernel shutdown on Posix and Windows systems

Start in ipykernel/kernelbase.py around lines 1216-1227 and trace how _process_children() is used during Kernel shutdown. Compare the POSIX process-group filtering with the Windows child-process path and assess the proposed instance-level setting. Done means the desired custom-kernel lifecycle can be supported while preserving the existing default behavior.

Hello,

I've developed a custom Kernel inheriting from the IPython Kernel. This Kernel initiates a child process, and I aim to manage this process' lifecycle independently of the Kernel's shutdown workflow. To achieve this independence, I start the child process as a new process group. This approach functions as expected in POSIX systems, as the IPython Kernel verifies if the kernel process group is distinct from the child process group. However, a divergence in behavior arises when attempting the same workflow on Windows. This discrepancy stems from the IPython Kernel's behavior of returning all children of the Kernel process and subsequently sending SIGTERM signals to them. Please refer:
https://github.com/ipython/ipykernel/blob/main/ipykernel/kernelbase.py#L1218:L1227 and https://github.com/ipython/ipykernel/blob/main/ipykernel/kernelbase.py#L1216:L1217

I understand that it is not straightforward to determine the process group equivalence in Windows OS without using lower-level win32 APIs but this difference in behavior is causing issues in my custom kernel workflows.

Can I achieve my requirements without having to make any changes to the IPython Kernel? My proposed solution involves introducing an instance-level variable in the base Kernel class, which, if set to False, ensures that the Kernel refrains from terminating child processes by default during Kernel shutdown.

Here's a potential implementation:

self.terminate_all_children: bool = True # Set to true by default to maintain backward-compatibility

This variable is then checked in the _process_children() method to determine whether to process the children or not.

kernel_process = psutil.Process()
all_children = kernel_process.children(recursive=True)
process_group_children = []
if not self.terminate_all_children:
     return process_group_children
else:
    if os.name == "nt":
        return all_children
    kernel_pgid = os.getpgrp()
    
    for child in all_children:
        try:
            child_pgid = os.getpgid(child.pid)
        except OSError:
            pass
        else:
            if child_pgid == kernel_pgid:
                process_group_children.append(child)
    return process_group_children

By setting terminate_all_children to False in the subclass, I ensure that the IPython Kernel doesn't terminate the child process by default when Kernel shutdown is initiated.

I'd appreciate your thoughts on this proposed solution. If it aligns with your expectations, I'm prepared to submit a PR. Thank you in advance!