The firebase-admin-java 9.4.0 does not work with NIO (Non-blocking I/O).

Start by tracing FirebaseMessaging.sendAsync through the FirebaseOptions ThreadManager configuration and FirebaseThreadManagers.DefaultThreadManager.doInit(). Compare the firebase thread lifecycle with the httpclient-dispatch and IO selector behavior described in the interceptors. The issue does not specify a file, test, or accepted resolution, so confirm the intended handoff and reproducible failure before defining what done means.

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[REQUIRED] Step 2: Describe your environment

• Operating System version: ubuntu
• Firebase SDK version: firebase-admin-java 9.4.0
• Library version: java 17
• Firebase Product: fcm

[REQUIRED] Step 3: Describe the problem

Hello,
I am testing the firebase-admin-java SDK 9.4.0 with the following configuration:

FirebaseOptions options = FirebaseOptions.builder()
    .setCredentials(googleCredentials(firebaseCredential, httpTransport))
    .setDatabaseUrl(firebaseDatabaseUrl)
    .setHttpTransport(httpTransport)
    .setConnectTimeout(FIREBASE_CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
    .setReadTimeout(FIREBASE_READ_TIMEOUT)
    .setThreadManager(new CustomFirebaseThreadManager(
        firebaseTaskExecutor.getThreadPoolExecutor()))
    .build();

The reason I explicitly added ThreadManager is to monitor the ThreadPoolExecutor. Without this configuration, the ThreadPoolExecutor generated by FirebaseThreadManagers.DefaultThreadManager.doInit() will be used, which has a queue size of Integer.MAX_VALUE. If FCM responses are delayed, the queue can pile up, potentially causing an OOM (OutOfMemoryError).

Below is the configuration for H2AsyncClientBuilder:

H2AsyncClientBuilder h2AsyncClientBuilder = H2AsyncClientBuilder.create()
    .setDefaultConnectionConfig(connectionConfig)
    .evictIdleConnections(TimeValue.of(Duration.ofMinutes(10)))
    .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig())
    .setIOReactorConfig(IOReactorConfig.custom()
        .setSoTimeout(FIREBASE_READ_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
        .build())
    .addRequestInterceptorFirst(
        (HttpRequest request, EntityDetails entity, HttpContext context) -> {
            activeStream.incrementAndGet();
            if (context != null) {
                context.setAttribute("startTime", System.nanoTime());
            }
        })
    .addResponseInterceptorFirst(
        (HttpResponse response, EntityDetails entity, HttpContext context) -> {
            if (context == null || context.getAttribute("startTime") == null) {
                return;
            }
            long startTime = Long.parseLong(context.getAttribute("startTime").toString());
            long endTime = System.nanoTime();
            if (startTime < endTime) {
                Timer.builder(FCM_RESPONSE_TIMER_NAME)
                    .publishPercentiles(0.50, 0.95, 0.99)
                    .tags(
                        Lists.newArrayList(
                            Tag.of("host", ((HttpRoute) context.getAttribute("http.route")).getTargetHost().getHostName()),
                            Tag.of("http_version", context.getProtocolVersion().toString())
                        )
                    )
                    .register(meterRegistry)
                    .record(endTime - startTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
            }
            activeStream.decrementAndGet();
        })
    .disableCookieManagement()
    .setH2Config(H2Config.custom().setMaxConcurrentStreams(500 * 10).build())
    .disableRedirectHandling()
    .disableAutomaticRetries();

Here is the code for sending FCM messages. The postProcessExecutor is simply responsible for logging the send results:

ApiFuture<String> responseApiFuture = firebaseMessaging.sendAsync(fcmMessage);
responseApiFuture.addListener(() -> {
    try {
        responseApiFuture.get();
        message.setResponseCode(FcmResult.SUCCESS.getCode());
        postProcessor.postProcess(MessageStatus.SENT, message);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log ~~~
    }
}, postProcessorExecutor);

When testing this, if I set a breakpoint inside addRequestInterceptorFirst (or addResponseInterceptorFirst) in the second code block, the thread executing addRequestInterceptorFirst is the httpclient-dispatch thread.
At this point, firebaseThreadPoolTask.getActiveCount() (as set in FirebaseOptions.builder().setThreadManager()) is 1.
In other words, it seems like the firebaseThread is staying active while the httpclient-dispatch thread is running.

I would like the behavior to work as follows:

The firebaseThread performs tasks (such as SDK validation) before the HTTP call.
After handing over to httpclient-dispatch, the firebaseThread is released.
The httpclient-dispatch makes the request to the FCM server, and the IO selector detects when a response is received.
Once the IO selector detects the response, it hands over to httpclient-dispatch, which processes operations like interceptors and then passes it to postProcessorExecutor.
This behavior should prevent the firebaseThread from getting blocked when the FCM server is down or latency is high.
If the firebaseThread gets blocked, it means that the queue in the thread pool fills up, which can lead to OOM or RejectedExecutionException.

If I have misunderstood anything, please let me know.
If my understanding is correct, how can I resolve this issue?