Expose Python UDF inlining as a public, reusable extension codec

Beginne mit crates/core/src/codec.rs und den Einstiegspunkten PythonLogicalCodec, PythonPhysicalCodec und SessionContext.with_python_udf_inlining. Lies zuerst die Abhängigkeit #1703 und die Änderungen an der Codec-Komposition aus #1678, bevor du bestimmst, wie der öffentliche Codec in die Kette integriert werden sollte. Als erledigt gilt die Aufgabe, wenn externe Rust-Consumer den öffentlichen Codec hinzufügen und das bestehende Python-UDF-Drahtformat beibehalten können, ohne dessen Payload-Framing neu zu implementieren.

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

datafusion-python can serialize a Python scalar UDF inline, by cloudpickling the function together with its schemas and volatility, so a plan referencing a Python UDF round-trips into a process that does not have that function registered. This is what SessionContext.with_python_udf_inlining turns on.

That capability is not reachable from outside the crate. PythonFunctionScalarUDF is pub(crate), and encode_python_scalar_udf / decode_python_scalar_udf in crates/core/src/codec.rs are private; only the try_encode_python_scalar_udf / try_decode_python_scalar_udf wrappers are pub(crate), and they are called from the two codecs this crate installs on every session. A Rust project that already has its own physical extension codec, and wants Python UDFs to travel through it, has to reimplement the cloudpickle framing to stay wire-compatible. Requested in https://github.com/apache/datafusion-python/pull/1678#pullrequestreview-5100366976.

Describe the solution you'd like

Extract the inlining behavior into its own LogicalExtensionCodec / PhysicalExtensionCodec implementation and make that type public, rather than exporting two free functions and a struct. Since #1678 made codecs compose, with_python_udf_inlining can then install that codec into the chain instead of being a flag consulted inside PythonLogicalCodec and PythonPhysicalCodec, and an outside consumer can put the same type in its own chain and get the same wire format for free. Suggested independently in https://github.com/apache/datafusion-python/pull/1678#discussion_r3918287124.

A public codec is a better thing to commit to than the current internals. It hides the payload layout, which is versioned and should stay free to change, and it exposes the behavior at the granularity DataFusion already understands.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Marking the existing functions and PythonFunctionScalarUDF pub as they stand. Smaller, but it publishes the payload layout as API, and it does not compose with anything — a caller still has to decide where in its own codec to call them.

Additional context

Depends on #1703, gating pyo3/extension-module, since the crate cannot currently be linked as a plain Rust dependency. Follow-up from #1678.