Provider API: /v1/messages rejects mid-conversation role:"system" messages (400 Invalid input at messages.N.role)

Start at the POST /provider/v1/messages request validation and reproduce the supplied curl cases, comparing a mid-conversation system role with the accepted top-level system forms. Done means compliant system entries return a normal completion, or intentionally unsupported input produces a distinct documented error instead of the generic role validation failure.

Summary

POST https://api.commandcode.ai/provider/v1/messages rejects any request whose messages array
contains a {"role":"system"} entry, with HTTP 400
{"type":"error","error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Invalid input at messages.1.role"}}.

Mid-conversation system messages are a documented, generally-available Anthropic Messages API
capability, and the current Claude Code build emits them routinely — so Claude Code cannot complete
a single turn against this endpoint, on any model.

The same endpoint accepts a top-level system field (both string and content-block array), and
accepts user / assistant roles inside messages. The trigger is specifically the system role
appearing inside messages.

Expected Behavior

Per Anthropic's specification
(https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/mid-conversation-system-messages):

• mid-conversation system messages are available on the Claude API, Amazon Bedrock and Google Cloud;
• they are supported on Claude Opus 5.5 (among others);
• "No beta header is required for mid-conversation system messages";
• placement rules: the entry must not be first in messages, must immediately follow a user turn,
  and must precede an assistant turn or end the array.

/provider/v1/messages should accept that shape, or — if it is intentionally unsupported — return a
specific documented error rather than the generic Invalid input at messages.N.role, so clients can
detect it and rewrite the request (e.g. by hoisting the content into the top-level system field).

Actual Behavior

400 {"type":"error","error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Invalid input at messages.1.role"}}

Steps to reproduce the issue

1. Minimal repro plus two controls, all against the same key / model (2-message body, so the
   system entry sits at index 1 and is both last-in-array and directly after the user turn —
   i.e. fully compliant with the documented placement rules):

KEY="$CMDCODE_KEY"
BASE=https://api.commandcode.ai/provider/v1/messages
H=(-H "Authorization: Bearer $KEY" -H 'content-type: application/json')

# (a) mid-conversation system role -> 400
curl -sS "${H[@]}" -X POST "$BASE" -d '{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","max_tokens":16,
  "messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"},{"role":"system","content":"ctx"}]}'
# -> 400 {"type":"error","error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Invalid input at messages.1.role"}}

# (b) the SAME text as a top-level system array -> 200
curl -sS "${H[@]}" -X POST "$BASE" -d '{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","max_tokens":16,
  "system":[{"type":"text","text":"ctx"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}'
# -> 200

# (c) top-level system as a plain string -> 200
curl -sS "${H[@]}" -X POST "$BASE" -d '{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","max_tokens":16,
  "system":"ctx","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}'
# -> 200

2. The rejection is about the role value itself, not about the content shape or any field on the
   entry: it reproduces with "content":"ctx" (string), with content-block arrays, and at any index.
3. For reference, this is the request the current Claude Code build actually sends (captured
   verbatim; note messages[1]):

{"model":"claude-opus-5","max_tokens":32000,
 "system":[{"type":"text","text":"You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for Claude."}],
 "messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]},
             {"role":"system","content":[{"type":"text","text":"<context injected mid-session>"}]}]}

(Reproduced identically on 2.1.274 and 2.1.278; the request shape is emitted by the CLI, not
version-specific.)

4. Isolation — same key, same model (claude-opus-5-5), one variable changed per row. Only the
   system role inside messages fails; every other shape returns 200. Note that the added
   anthropic-beta header makes no difference, consistent with the feature requiring no beta header.

messages contents	result
user only	200
user + assistant + user	200
user + system (index 1, last in array)	400
system as top-level string	200
system as top-level content-block array	200
user + assistant, each with content-block arrays	200
user + system, with anthropic-beta: context-1m-2025-08-07 added	400 (identical message)
user + system, with no anthropic-beta header	400 (identical message)

Command Code Version

N/A — reporting against the Provider API directly

Operating System

Linux

Terminal/IDE

server-side / n/a

Shell

bash

Session file (optional)

No response

Fix prompt (optional)

POST /provider/v1/messages rejects any request whose messages array contains a {"role":"system"}
entry, returning 400 {"error":{"type":"invalid_request_error","message":"Invalid input at messages.N.role"}}.
Mid-conversation system messages are a documented Anthropic Messages API feature (no beta header
required, supported on Opus 5.5) and Claude Code sends them on every turn, so the endpoint is
currently unusable for that client.

Reproduce: POST a body with messages:[{"role":"user",...},{"role":"system",...}] -> 400. The same
content as a top-level system field (string or block array) -> 200, and user/assistant roles in
messages -> 200, so the trigger is specifically the system role inside messages.

Check: the request above returns a normal completion, and a mid-conversation system entry placed
per Anthropic's rules (not first, immediately after a user turn, last in the array or before an
assistant turn) is accepted. If the shape is intentionally unsupported, return a distinct error code
instead of the generic Invalid input, and document the limitation on the Provider API errors page.

Additional context

• Environment: Ubuntu 24.04 (kernel 6.8.0-139), x86_64. Client: Claude Code 2.1.274, driven headless.
  Provider: base_url = https://api.commandcode.ai/provider/v1, API-key auth.
• All Claude models reproduce identically; the failure is not model-specific. A minimal, model-only
  control (POST /provider/v1/messages with the same model and a plain user message) returns 200, so
  credentials and routing are fine.
• Impact: Claude Code cannot complete any turn. The identical limitation forced a client-side choice
  between dropping mid-session context injection or not using this gateway.
• Related: this is the same class as #850 (Anthropic-spec shape rejected on /v1/messages) and the
  /responses input-item family in #893. Both show that aligning the request validation with the
  documented Anthropic / Responses shapes is the accepted direction.
• Minor, general request: the error names messages.1.role (good) but param:"input" style errors on
  /responses name no index or item type. Naming the offending index and type consistently would
  make this class of bug self-diagnosing.