Qiskit job result missing attributes cause wrong exception when job fails in VQE

从 azure/quantum/qiskit/job.py 中 issue 提及的 result_dict 构造部分开始，并将其输出与 Qiskit Result 的预期进行比较。复现 VQE job 失败的场景，然后验证生成的错误信息可以通过预期的结果属性获取，同时不影响成功的 job。

If running the VQE sample and it fails to run on a quantum_instance (for instance, if Quantinuum is out of credits), then instead of printing the error code and message, it prints that an attribute "status" could not be found.

It looks like this is throwing from when it tries to read result.status from run_circuits.py.

Looking at the latest definition of Result object in qiskit, it looks like for the error_data message to be shown, we should encode the error_data into status field as well.

This is where we encode job result into Qiskit result as part of azure-quantum: https://github.com/microsoft/qdk-python/blob/944fac0ee64e962b65b73f29635a2c65abf332d7/azure-quantum/azure/quantum/qiskit/job.py#L93

Current:

result_dict = {
            "results" : [results],
            "job_id" : self._azure_job.details.id,
            "backend_name" : self._backend.name(),
            "backend_version" : self._backend.version,
            "qobj_id" : self._azure_job.details.name,
            "success" : success,
            "error_data" : None if self._azure_job.details.error_data is None else self._azure_job.details.error_data.as_dict()
}

Proposed change:

error_msg = None if self._azure_job.details.error_data is None else self._azure_job.details.error_data.as_dict()
result_dict = {
            "results" : [results],
            "job_id" : self._azure_job.details.id,
            "backend_name" : self._backend.name(),
            "backend_version" : self._backend.version,
            "qobj_id" : self._azure_job.details.name,
            "success" : success,
            "error_data" : error_msg,
            "status": error_msg,
}

We may optionally want to add the other missing attributes on Qiskit result that are currently not populated, such as date, header, in case they also cause errors down the road.