Installation issue on Mac (libstdc++ vs libc++)

先从 setup.py 和安装日志中显示的 snappy/snappymodule.cc 构建路径入手，然后在不使用 workaround 的情况下重现 macOS 上的 pip 安装。完成的标准是扩展链接到 libc++，并且无需要求 CFLAGS="-stdlib=libc++" 即可成功安装 python-snappy。

System Version: macOS 10.15.4 (19E287)
Kernel Version: Darwin 19.4.0
Xcode 11.4.1
Build version 11E503a

During pip install python-snappy, received:

Installing collected packages: python-snappy
    Running setup.py install for python-snappy ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-install-nsuxlclp/python-snappy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-install-nsuxlclp/python-snappy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-record-5g8l8mp0/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include/python3.7m/python-snappy
         cwd: /private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-install-nsuxlclp/python-snappy/
    Complete output (27 lines):
    /Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'cffi_modules'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/snappy.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/snappy_cffi.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/hadoop_snappy.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/snappy_formats.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/__main__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    copying snappy/snappy_cffi_builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    running build_ext
    building 'snappy._snappy' extension
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include -arch x86_64 -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include -arch x86_64 -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include/python3.7m -c snappy/snappymodule.cc -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy/snappymodule.o
    clang: warning: include path for libstdc++ headers not found; pass '-stdlib=libc++' on the command line to use the libc++ standard library instead [-Wstdlibcxx-not-found]
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include -arch x86_64 -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include -arch x86_64 -I/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include/python3.7m -c snappy/crc32c.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy/crc32c.o
    g++ -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/lib -arch x86_64 -L/Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/lib -arch x86_64 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy/snappymodule.o build/temp.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy/crc32c.o -lsnappy -o build/lib.macosx-10.7-x86_64-3.7/snappy/_snappy.cpython-37m-darwin.so
    clang: warning: libstdc++ is deprecated; move to libc++ with a minimum deployment target of OS X 10.9 [-Wdeprecated]
    ld: library not found for -lstdc++
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    error: command 'g++' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-install-nsuxlclp/python-snappy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-install-nsuxlclp/python-snappy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/13/2dfbkf595fq1f1_5tjvzq35h0000gp/T/pip-record-5g8l8mp0/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Applications/miniconda3/envs/serialization-benchmarking/include/python3.7m/python-snappy Check the logs for full command output.

Fixed using: CFLAGS="-stdlib=libc++" pip install python-snappy