`M14-6-1`: enhancement to cover types

从关联的 issue 192 和 M14-6-1 查询草案开始，包括 NameInDependentBase、TypeUses 和 TemplatesPackage。检查 C++ 示例中展示的 typedef 和类型使用行为，然后确定该查询能否准确覆盖带限定和不带限定的依赖基类 typedef 使用，同时避免旧库的性能问题。

as noted in this issue this rule does not address the types case

the reason was that at the time of writing this query it was discovered that we dont have fully qualified typenames for typedefs:

typedef int TYPE;

template<typename T>
class B {
    public:
    typedef T TYPE;
};

template<typename T>
class A : B<T> {
    public:
    void m2(){
        TYPE t = 0; // NON_COMPLIANT
        ::TYPE t1 = 0; //COMPLIANT
        typename B<T>::TYPE t2 = 0; // COMPLIANT
    }
};

void f(){
    A<int> a;
    a.m2();
}

example, trying to get full names of types present:

from TypedefType t
select t, t.getQualifiedName(), t.getATypeNameUse()

result:

+| test.cpp:1:13:1:16 | TYPE | TYPE | test.cpp:20:14:20:14 | definition of t |
+| test.cpp:1:13:1:16 | TYPE | TYPE | test.cpp:26:16:26:17 | definition of t1 |

and initial audit level query was written but it was imprecise and used the old lib (so also non performat). would need cleanup or rewriting

/**
 * @id cpp/autosar/name-not-referred-using-a-qualified-id-or-this-type-def-type
 * @name M14-6-1: In a class template with a dependent base, any typedef type name that may be found in that dependent base shall shall be referred to using a qualified-id or this->
 * @description Not using a qualified-id or `this->` syntax for typedef type uses in a class
 *              template makes the code more difficult to understand.
 * @kind problem
 * @precision very-high
 * @problem.severity warning
 * @tags external/autosar/id/m14-6-1
 *       maintainability
 *       readability
 *       external/autosar/allocated-target/implementation
 *       external/autosar/enforcement/automated
 *       external/autosar/obligation/required
 */

import cpp
import codingstandards.cpp.autosar
import codingstandards.cpp.TypeUses
import NameInDependentBase

/**
 * `Locatable`s exists only in some `MemberFunction`
 *  this class is required to speed up `TypeUses.getATypeUse`
 */
class LocatablesInChild extends Locatable {
  Class child;

  LocatablesInChild() { this.getEnclosingElement() = child.getAMemberFunction() }

  predicate isInThisChild(Class c) { c = child }
}

/**
 * `TypedefType`s that are declared in a `Class`
 *  that is a parent of any other `Class`
 */
class ParentTypedefType extends TypedefType {
  Class parent;
  Class child;

  ParentTypedefType() {
    this.getDeclaringType() = parent and
    getParent(child) = parent
  }

  predicate thisIsMyChild(Class c) { c = child }
}

/**
 * All pairs of `TypedefType` and `ParentTypedefType`
 * with a same name
 */
predicate sameNameTypeDefPairs(TypedefType v, ParentTypedefType parentType) {
  v.getName() = parentType.getName()
}

from Class c, TypedefType v, ParentTypedefType parentType, LocatablesInChild l
where
  not isExcluded(l, TemplatesPackage::nameNotReferredUsingAQualifiedIdOrThisTypeDefTypeQuery()) and
  l.isInThisChild(c) and
  parentType.thisIsMyChild(c) and
  l = getATypeUse(v) and
  //two TypedefTypes with same name but one was declared in the dependent base
  sameNameTypeDefPairs(v, parentType)
select l,
  "Use of typedef type name that also exists in a base class that may not be fully qualified."