split() treats the delimiter as a regular expression while replace() treats it literally
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调研方向
阅读 src/backend/utils/adt/agtype.c，从 age_split() 开始，并将其分隔符处理与 age_replace() 进行比较。通过 Cypher 路径和直接 SQL 路径分别运行提供的 psql 复现。完成标准是：'.'、'|' 和 '+' 等字面分隔符无需进行正则表达式转义即可正确分割，同时替换行为保持一致。
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描述
AGE Version: extension 1.8.0 on PostgreSQL 18.6
Installation Method: Docker
API: Cypher and direct SQL
Steps to reproduce (paste into psql as-is)
LOAD 'age';
SET search_path = ag_catalog, public;
-- Cypher path (re-run: DROP GRAPH xdb CASCADE first)
SELECT * FROM create_graph('xdb');
SELECT * FROM cypher('xdb', $$ RETURN split('a.b.c', '.') $$) AS (r agtype);
-- SQL path (same C function, no graph needed)
SELECT age_split('a.b.c', '.'); -- -> ["", "", "", "", "", ""]
SELECT age_split('a1b1c', '1'); -- -> ["a", "b", "c"] (plain delimiter: works)
SELECT age_replace('a.b.c', '.', '-'); -- -> "a-b-c"
SELECT age_split('a.b.c', '\.'); -- -> ["a", "b", "c"] (only because it is regex-escaped)
SELECT age_split('a|b', '|'); -- -> ["a", "|", "b"]
SELECT age_split('a+b+c', '+'); -- -> ERROR: invalid regular expression: quantifier operand invalid
Expected behavior
openCypher defines the split delimiter as a literal string: split('a.b.c', '.') → ['a','b','c']. Neo4j, Memgraph and FalkorDB all return this without any escaping, and replace('a.b.c', '.', '-') → 'a-b-c' in AGE too — so both functions must interpret '.' identically.
Actual behavior
split('a.b.c', '.')→["","","","","",""](six empty strings): the delimiter is compiled as a regular expression, so '.' matches every character.split('a1b1c', '1')→["a","b","c"]: plain delimiters work, so the regex interpretation only surfaces for metacharacters — exactly where queries silently break.split('a.b.c', '\.')→["a","b","c"]: correct only because the user manually regex-escapes the dot.split('a|b', '|')→["a","|","b"]: the empty-alternation regex splits at every position.split('a+b+c', '+')→ERROR: invalid regular expression: quantifier operand invalid.replace('a.b.c', '.', '-')→"a-b-c": the same engine treats the same delimiter literally.
The engine is internally inconsistent, deviates from openCypher and all sibling engines, and silently corrupts results for common literal delimiters ('.', '|', '+', ...).
Root cause
age_split() (src/backend/utils/adt/agtype.c) passes the delimiter verbatim to PostgreSQL's regexp_split_to_array(), which compiles it as a regular expression; age_replace() performs a literal replacement. Cypher split()/replace() are rewritten to these same SQL functions, so both APIs are affected.
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