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`test_rrule`: also check output tangents with thunked fields

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testing

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Start with test_rrule and the existing check_thunked_output_tangent option, which currently calls the pullback with only the outer output tangent thunked. Reproduce the failure by wrapping each field of a Tangent output in a thunk and calling the pullback, as in the findnz example. Done means the new check runs for Tangent, Tuple and NamedTuple outputs, and that the unthunked and thunked results match. Decide with a maintainer whether to reuse the existing flag or add a new one.

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描述

check_thunked_output_tangent=true only checks the pullback with the whole output tangent thunked, i.e. pullback(@thunk(ȳ)). But AD systems also pass structural tangents whose fields are thunks. For example, Zygote's tuple getindex adjoint keeps thunks, so for f(x)[i] the rule receives Tangent{Any}((ZeroTangent(), …, thunk, …)).

Rules that handle the outer thunk correctly can still fail on this. In JuliaDiff/ChainRules.jl#843, the findnz rule passed test_rrule, but with Zygote it failed:

using SparseArrays, Zygote
Zygote.gradient(A -> sum(findnz(A)[3]), sprand(5, 5, 0.4))
# MethodError: no method matching sparse(::Vector{Int64}, ::Vector{Int64}, ::InplaceableThunk{...}, ::Int64, ::Int64)

The pullback destructured _, _, V̄ = unthunk(Δ). Destructuring a Tangent does not unthunk its fields, unlike getindex/getproperty (see JuliaDiff/ChainRulesCore.jl#712).

Proposal: when the output tangent ȳ is a Tangent, or a Tuple/NamedTuple that is converted to one, test_rrule should additionally call the pullback with every field wrapped in a thunk, e.g. Tangent{P}(map(x -> @thunk(x), backing(ȳ))...), and compare the result with the unthunked cotangents. This could reuse the existing check_thunked_output_tangent flag or get a new one.

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