setconfig aborts lightningd (FATAL SIGNAL 6) when it cannot persist the change: "Could not write to config : No such file or directory"

从 lightningd/configs.c 开始，跟踪 json_setconfig 经过 setconfig_success、configvar_save、create_setconfig_include 和 append_to_file 的调用流程。重现配置不可写的情况，并检查现有的 setconfig 或配置持久化测试。完成的标准是：持久化失败时返回 JSON-RPC 错误而不终止 lightningd，并且未被持久化的更改不会被报告为成功。

Issue and Steps to Reproduce

Calling setconfig on a node whose configuration file is not writable by the daemon crashes the entire node with FATAL SIGNAL 6 (abort), instead of returning a JSON-RPC error. The crash happens in the persistence step (setconfig_success → configvar_save → create_setconfig_include → append_to_file), i.e. after the command has been accepted.

Setup (a fairly standard hardened systemd deployment):

• lightningd v26.06.6 started as lightningd --conf=/etc/lightning/lightning.conf
• /etc/lightning/lightning.conf is owned by root; the service runs as User=lightning with systemd hardening, so /etc is read-only to the daemon:

  [Service]
  ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/lightningd --conf=/etc/lightning/lightning.conf
  User=lightning
  PrivateTmp=true
  ProtectSystem=full
  ProtectHome=read-only
  NoNewPrivileges=true
  PrivateDevices=true
  

• Relevant config contents (sanitized):

  network=bitcoin
  lightning-dir=/var/lib/lightning        # writable by the daemon
  rpc-file=/var/lib/lightning-rpc/lightning-rpc
  rpc-file-mode=0660
  

• The option being set (min-capacity-sat) was not previously set in any config file.

Steps:

1. lightning-cli setconfig min-capacity-sat 2000000
   → returns success to the client, but listconfigs min-capacity-sat still shows 10000 / "source": "default", and nothing is persisted. (Silent no-op reported as success — arguably a second bug.)
2. Run the identical setconfig again
   → lightning-cli gets reading response: socket closed; lightningd logs **BROKEN** lightningd: Could not write to config : No such file or directory and aborts.

Note the error message contains an empty filename (to config :), which may point at the underlying cause — the include-file path apparently resolves to an empty string in this layout.

Expected behavior

• If persistence fails, setconfig should return a JSON-RPC error (and ideally roll back or keep the value as runtime-only with a warning) — a failed open()/write() in an RPC handler should never fatal() the daemon.
• A setconfig call that changes and persists nothing should not report success.

Actual behavior

The node aborts mid-operation (ours was mid block-scan; systemd's Restart=on-failure brought it back, but on an unsupervised node this is an outage; on a node with active channels it is a crash during live operation, triggerable by any operator using a documented RPC).

Crash log / backtrace

Could not write to config : No such file or directory
2026-07-24T14:42:03.795Z **BROKEN** lightningd: Could not write to config : No such file or directory
lightningd: FATAL SIGNAL 6 (version v26.06.6)
0x600bab42c365 send_backtrace
        common/daemon.c:38
0x600bab42c401 crashdump
        common/daemon.c:83
0x783308695b2c ???
        pthread_kill+0x11c:0
0x78330863c27d ???
        gsignal+0x1d:0
0x78330861f8fe ???
        abort+0xde:0
0x600bab3bc300 fatal_vfmt
        lightningd/log.c:1128
0x600bab3bc39f fatal
        lightningd/log.c:1138
0x600bab3ef823 append_to_file
        lightningd/configs.c:351
0x600bab3ef99b create_setconfig_include
        lightningd/configs.c:496
0x600bab3efc24 configvar_save
        lightningd/configs.c:513
0x600bab3f02d8 setconfig_success
        lightningd/configs.c:600
0x600bab3f086d json_setconfig
        lightningd/configs.c:804
0x600bab3b3c13 command_exec
        lightningd/jsonrpc.c:771
0x600bab3b59b1 rpc_command_hook_final
        lightningd/jsonrpc.c:912
0x600bab3e6a7d hook_done
        lightningd/plugin_hook.c:243
0x600bab3e6bae plugin_hook_call_next
        lightningd/plugin_hook.c:343
0x600bab3e78c3 plugin_hook_call_
        lightningd/plugin_hook.c:395
0x600bab3b607d plugin_hook_call_rpc_command

A full crash.log from the incident is available on request.

Environment

• Core Lightning v26.06.6 (built from source)
• Debian-based Linux inside a Proxmox LXC container, systemd-managed service
• bitcoind backend on the same host (was still catching up on blocks at the time; likely irrelevant)

Workaround

Avoid setconfig on deployments where the daemon cannot write its own config; edit the config file and restart instead. (Arguably a config file that the daemon cannot rewrite is a deliberate hardening choice, which is why graceful degradation would be valuable here.)