An exact whole power with a huge exponent hangs evaluation: 2^(10^9), 2^(3^20)
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评估
- 难度
- 5/5
- 预计耗时
- 一周以上
- 新手友好度
- 32/100
- Issue 类型
- 缺陷
- 描述清晰度
- 需要澄清
- 活跃度
- 活跃
- 技术栈
- csharp
- 领域
- performance
调研方向
Start by reproducing the two expressions through ToEntity().Evaled and trace the Number.Pow/BinaryIntPow path described in the issue. Review the quantifier witness-search path and related issue #1338, then establish the chosen behavior for oversized exact powers and confirm that witness searches remain bounded without silently losing exactness.
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描述
"2^(10^9)".ToEntity().Evaled and "2^(3^20)".ToEntity().Evaled do not return (killed at 60 s each; 2^(3^12) returns in 1 s). The result of the first is a 10⁹-bit integer (125 MB) and of the second a 3.5·10⁹-bit one; Number.Pow's BinaryIntPow builds them by squaring in EInteger, and the last squarings are Toom-4 multiplications of numbers hundreds of megabytes long. Measured on 8fcfaf42 (a branch of 345914f6); the code path is unchanged since long before.
Found through a quantifier: forall n in ZZ* : 3^(n + 1) divides 2^(3^n) + 1 (Sullivan and Mackey's Prob 5.7.13) hangs because a witness search evaluates the body at n = 20 or so, where 2^(3^n) is the second number above. Any consumer that evaluates a tower at a large argument hits the same.
What the answer should be is the decision to make, and it belongs with #1338's numerics: an exact power whose result would exceed some size — say 2²⁴ bits, which is 2 MB and a fraction of a second — is either (a) left as written (2^(10^9) evaluates to itself, the way an unsolved statement stays a statement), or (b) refused with an exception naming the limit, or (c) evaluated approximately as Real at the working precision, which is what a decimal calculator does and loses exactness silently. (a) is the honest one under not answering is legitimate; answering wrongly is not, and it composes: a witness search that gets an unevaluated power back moves on. Until then, a quantifier's witness search should skip a sample it cannot evaluate in bounded time, which is the narrower fix I would take first.
Part of #1409.
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