Annotating functions which don't raise exceptions

沒有指定儲存庫檔案或測試。首先檢視現有的 NoReturn 註解以及這裡描述的 Python 3.7 文法行為，然後釐清目標是例外語意、註解語法，還是兩者兼具。完成此項工作需要就 NoRaise 或 NoThrow 的含義達成共識，並指定有效的語法。

I would find it interesting to be able to annotate functions which never throw exceptions. "Never" can be either in the absolute sense, or in the sense of "checked exceptions", with some subset of exception designated as "unchecked" (details of this designation are perhaps up to the actual tool to process annotations).

Example of a function which absolutely never raises exceptions (well, at least per language semantics, particular implementations might still have means to break with some implementation-related exceptions):

def foo(l):
    if isinstance(l, list) and len(l) > 0:
        return l[0]

Example of a function which may throw (unchecked) exception if API contract is violated:

def foo(l: list):
    if len(l) > 0:
        return l[0]

So, hopefully these examples show that the notion does exist in Python.

Now the question how to annotate it. Following the existing NoReturn, it would be called NoRaise or NoThrow. "nothrow" terminology if familiar from C++ (and it seems to be replaced even there), so perhaps sticking with native Python terminology makes sense (but "throw" is native to Python too, re: exception handling with generators).

More interesting question is where to put that annotation. Taking the example above, a natural annotation would be:

def foo(l) -> Optional(Any), NoRaise:

And I was quite surprised that the usual "implicit tuple" syntax rule doesn't apply here, and the above is SyntaxError as of CPy3.7:

Python 3.7.1 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:21:55) 
[GCC 8.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def foo() -> list, int:
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    def foo() -> list, int:
                     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

I wonder if that warrants a separate issue report. And whether it was a cunning design choice mere mortals need to decipher, because that seems too obvious thing to overlook with an implicit tuple syntax, again (neither problematic from forma grammar perspective, even in LL it's "->" expr ("," expr)* ":", which is trivial, Python has more complex grammar rules in many places.

So, all in all, now it would need to be written as:

def foo(l) -> (Optional(Any), NoRaise):

Which is of course not as pretty as without parens.