pg_stat_io: track I/O for Append-Optimized (AO/AOCO) tables

Inizia leggendo pgstat_io.c, pgstat.h e le definizioni di pg_stat_io in system_views.sql, quindi esamina BufferedRead e BufferedAppend in src/backend/access/appendonly e src/backend/access/aocs. Confronta la loro strumentazione con quella di bufmgr.c, localbuf.c e md.c. Il lavoro è completo quando le letture, scritture, estensioni e fsync di AO/AOCO sono rappresentate in modo coerente in pg_stat_io e nelle viste gp_stat_io correlate.

Summary

pg_stat_io (inherited from the PostgreSQL 16 merge) gives per-backend,
per-IO-object, per-context I/O statistics, and Cloudberry already exposes
cluster-wide rollups via gp_stat_io and gp_stat_io_summary. However, the
underlying counters are only incremented on the shared-buffer-manager path
(bufmgr.c, localbuf.c, md.c). Append-Optimized (AO) and
Append-Optimized Column-Oriented (AOCO) table I/O is not counted at all.

Because AO/AOCO storage bypasses the shared buffer pool and uses its own
BufferedRead / BufferedAppend layer, reads, writes, and extends against
these tables are invisible to pg_stat_io. For a workload built primarily on
AO/AOCO tables — which is common in Cloudberry analytics deployments — the view
significantly under-reports actual physical I/O.

Current behavior

• grep -rn pgstat_count_io_op src/backend/access/appendonly src/backend/access/aocs
  returns no matches — the AO/AOCO read/write paths contain no
  instrumentation.
• I/O counters are populated only from bufmgr.c, localbuf.c, and md.c,
  i.e. the heap / index / temp-relation paths inherited from PostgreSQL.
• As a result, pg_stat_io (and gp_stat_io / gp_stat_io_summary) reflect
  heap/index/catalog I/O but omit the storage format that defines Cloudberry.

Expected behavior

I/O performed by AO/AOCO tables should be reflected in pg_stat_io, so that
operators can observe physical I/O for the storage types they actually use.

Proposed approach (for discussion)

Instrument the AO/AOCO buffered I/O layer with pgstat_count_io_op[_time]()
calls, analogous to the existing md.c instrumentation:

• Reads — in the AO/AOCO BufferedRead path (bufmgr equivalent for AO),
  count IOOP_READ.
• Writes / extends — in the BufferedAppend / segment-file extend path,
  count IOOP_WRITE and IOOP_EXTEND.
• fsync — where AO segment files are flushed (register_dirty_segment /
  mdimmedsync equivalents).

Open design questions:

1. IOOBJECT classification. AO/AOCO data does not live in shared buffers,
   so IOOBJECT_RELATION (which today implies buffer-pool involvement) may be
   misleading. Options: reuse IOOBJECT_RELATION, or add a new IO object
   (e.g. IOOBJECT_AO_RELATION) to keep AO I/O distinguishable. Adding an enum
   value changes the fixed-size shared stats struct and the
   pg_stat_io / pg_stat_get_io() output shape, so it needs care.
2. IOCONTEXT mapping. AO has no shared-buffer eviction/reuse semantics, so
   hits / evictions / reuses are not meaningful; only
   reads / writes / extends / fsyncs would be populated. Decide how the
   non-applicable columns are reported (zero vs. NULL).
3. op_bytes. AO varblocks are variable-sized rather than BLCKSZ-aligned,
   so the per-op byte accounting differs from the heap path.

Impact / motivation

• Observability parity: AO/AOCO is the primary storage format for many
  Cloudberry analytics workloads, yet is the one format pg_stat_io can't see.
• Capacity planning & troubleshooting: physical read/write volume for AO tables
  is currently only obtainable indirectly.

Notes

• Affects: main.
• Related existing surfaces: pg_stat_io view (system_views.sql),
  gp_stat_io / gp_stat_io_summary (system_views_gp*.sql),
  pgstat_io.c, pgstat.h IO enums.