Exception java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: decodeBase64 in Android devices with API < 28

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Assessment

Difficulty
4/5
Estimated time
3-5 days
Newbie friendliness
35/100
Issue type
Bug
Clarity
Mostly clear
Activity status
Stale
Tech stack
android, java
Domain
mobile-dev

Research direction

Start with com.google.api.client.util.Base64.java and PemReader, where the stack trace reaches the incompatible decodeBase64 call, then inspect how the Apache Commons Codec dependency is resolved for Android. Reproduce with the Android speech sample on an API below 28 and verify that credential loading no longer throws NoSuchMethodError.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Description

type: feature request

Hi,
We have found that the library is throwing an exception in any Android device with and API < 28 (Android 9.0) after version com.google.cloud:google-cloud-speech:0.70.0-beta. The problem is related with this issue. As far as we know, Apache common codec library dependency version is 1.10 in this project, but Android in versions below 9.0 has the same classes in boot classpath, so classes from the version 1.10 will never be loaded. This issue will not be solved in Android, thus we would like to ask for a solution here, removing/replacing the dependency in some way.
Thanks in advance.

Please include as much information as possible:

Environment details
  • OS: Android API < 28
  • Java version:1.8
  • google-cloud-java version(s): from 0.71.0-beta
Steps to reproduce

1. Zip file attached or get Android speech example source code from:
https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/android-docs-samples/tree/master/speech/SpeechRecognitionClient

2. Import app into Android Studio.

3. Modify build-gradle (module app) file to update dependencies in
section dependencies:

 // add these dependencies for the speech client
    implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-okhttp:1.18.0'
    implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-speech:0.71.0-beta'

4. Build app with Android Studio and run in development mode on Android device below API 28.

Stacktrace
2019-02-21 10:56:28.171 12310-12310/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition, PID: 12310
    java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No static method decodeBase64(Ljava/lang/String;)[B in class Lorg/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64; or its super classes (declaration of 'org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64' appears in /system/framework/org.apache.http.legacy.boot.jar)
        at com.google.api.client.util.Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.java:101)
        at com.google.api.client.util.PemReader.readNextSection(PemReader.java:106)
        at com.google.api.client.util.PemReader.readFirstSectionAndClose(PemReader.java:135)
        at com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials.privateKeyFromPkcs8(ServiceAccountCredentials.java:290)
        at com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials.fromPkcs8(ServiceAccountCredentials.java:280)
        at com.google.auth.oauth2.ServiceAccountCredentials.fromJson(ServiceAccountCredentials.java:210)
        at com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials.fromStream(GoogleCredentials.java:174)
        at com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials.fromStream(GoogleCredentials.java:141)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity$mSpeechClient$2$1$1.getCredentials(MainActivity.kt:69)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity$mSpeechClient$2$1$1.getCredentials(MainActivity.kt:47)
        at com.google.api.gax.rpc.ClientContext.create(ClientContext.java:132)
        at com.google.cloud.speech.v1.stub.GrpcSpeechStub.create(GrpcSpeechStub.java:94)
        at com.google.cloud.speech.v1.stub.SpeechStubSettings.createStub(SpeechStubSettings.java:126)
        at com.google.cloud.speech.v1.SpeechClient.<init>(SpeechClient.java:144)
        at com.google.cloud.speech.v1.SpeechClient.create(SpeechClient.java:126)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity$mSpeechClient$2.invoke(MainActivity.kt:68)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity$mSpeechClient$2.invoke(MainActivity.kt:47)
        at kotlin.SynchronizedLazyImpl.getValue(LazyJVM.kt:74)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity.getMSpeechClient(MainActivity.kt)
        at com.google.cloud.examples.speechrecognition.MainActivity.onResume(MainActivity.kt:105)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnResume(Instrumentation.java:1270)
        at android.app.Activity.performResume(Activity.java:6830)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:3407)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:3470)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1528)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6121)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:889)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:779)
Code snippet
 private val mSpeechClient by lazy {
        // NOTE: The line below uses an embedded credential (res/raw/sa.json).
        //       You should not package a credential with real application.
        //       Instead, you should get a credential securely from a server.
        applicationContext.resources.openRawResource(R.raw.google_cloud_credentials).use {
            SpeechClient.create(SpeechSettings.newBuilder()
                    .setCredentialsProvider { GoogleCredentials.fromStream(it) }
                    .build())
        }
    }
Any additional information below

Thanks!

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