Retry elasticserach API call utility

In https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/228315 we're exposing an isRetryableEsClientError utility, but it's only really useful if you're going to retry the API request that produced the retryable error. Core should expose such a function to remove the need for plugins to implement this themselves.

The function should take as input another function to test whether a response error is retryable (e.g. isRetryableEsClientError) and a configurable amount of retries.

Blocked as this might be better implemented in the client: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-js/issues/1139