Add additional modules to module_ctx

Description of the feature request:

I'd like additional properties on module_ctx.

• module_ctx.root_module would be an Optional[bazel_module] that would be equivalent to the output of the _find_root function below
• module_ctx.current_module would be a bazel_module object corresponding to the module that defined the current module extension (it could possibly be a Optional[bazel_module].

A classic piece of code being written is:

def _find_root(module_ctx):
  for mod in module_ctx.module:
      if mod.is_root:
          return mod

def _find_current_module(module_ctx):
  for mod in module_ctx.module:
      if mod.name == "rules_rust":
          return mod

This would significantly simplify the recommended workflow we prescribe in https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/discussions/22024 (eg. https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_rust/pull/2624)

Which category does this issue belong to?

Core, External Dependency

What underlying problem are you trying to solve with this feature?

Our discussion about the right way to implement toolchains in bazel came to the following conclusion:

The policy would be, for a given toolchain defined by rules_foo which has the tag foo.toolchain:

• If the root module defines a toolchain tag, the toolchain configuration will be:
  • Configured based on the root MODULE's foo.toolchain tag
    • Any unspecified fields may be inherited from rules_foo's foo.toolchain
    • Any specified fields must not be affected by rules_foo's foo.toolchain
    • The toolchain configuration must not be affected by any module other than the root module and rules_foo
  • If MVS is supported, rules_foo may choose to compare the root MODULE's foo.toolchain with MVS(all modules' foo.toolchain) in order to output warnings
• If the root module doesn't define a toolchain, the toolchain is defined by:
  • If MVS is supported, MVS(all modules' foo.toolchain invocations)
  • Otherwise, rules_foo's foo.toolchain
• Non-leaf modules should specify the minimum possible versions and minimal set of features in their foo.toolchain

This will require special-casing of the root module and the current module extension, both of which seems like something pretty reasonable to me.

Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

linux

What is the output of bazel info release?

7.1.1

If bazel info release returns development version or (@non-git), tell us how you built Bazel.

No response

What's the output of git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse HEAD ?

No response

Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

No response

Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

No response