[Blazor] Clearer way to troubleshoot complex state transitions

This came up as part of a discussion.

In complex apps is hard to detect state transitions that might happen during a brief period of time and cause issues. We could consider adding additional logging https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/blob/main/src/Components/Components/src/Rendering/ComponentState.cs#L230-L244 to avoid such issues in the future.

We discuss this in the initial days of Blazor and we were concerned about the perf, but I think that the perf characteristics have changed enough that:

1. We can afford an extra "if".
2. We can find a way link it out if we need it on production builds.

/cc: @JamesNK