Error when building docker image

Start by reading Makefile targets image and image_alpine, then inspect Dockerfile and Dockerfile.alpine around their package-install commands. Reproduce both builds and determine whether the reported repository connection failures are environmental or require project changes. Done means both image targets build successfully without the package-install errors.

When trying to build a Docker image, I got the following error:

$ make image
docker build -t gh-pages .
[+] Building 40.5s (6/15)                                        docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                       0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 799B                                       0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/ruby:3.3                2.7s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                          0.0s
 => => transferring context: 108B                                          0.0s
 => CACHED [ 1/11] FROM docker.io/library/ruby:3.3@sha256:6fd8d27b52e3008  0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                          0.0s
 => => transferring context: 5.94kB                                        0.0s
 => ERROR [ 2/11] RUN apt-get update   && apt-get install -y     git      37.7s
------                                                                          
 > [ 2/11] RUN apt-get update   && apt-get install -y     git     locales     make     nodejs:                                                                  
30.64 Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease                     
30.64 Ign:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease             
30.64 Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease   
31.64 Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
31.64 Ign:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
31.64 Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
33.64 Ign:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
33.64 Ign:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
33.64 Ign:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
37.64 Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
37.64   Could not connect to debian.map.fastlydns.net:80 (151.101.90.132), connection timed out Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.64 Err:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
37.64   Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.64 Err:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
37.64   Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.65 Reading package lists...
37.67 W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/InRelease  Could not connect to debian.map.fastlydns.net:80 (151.101.90.132), connection timed out Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.67 W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm-updates/InRelease  Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.67 W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bookworm-security/InRelease  Unable to connect to deb.debian.org:http:
37.67 W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
37.69 Reading package lists...
37.71 Building dependency tree...
37.71 Reading state information...
37.71 Package locales is not available, but is referred to by another package.
37.71 This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
37.71 is only available from another source
37.71 
37.71 E: Package 'locales' has no installation candidate
37.71 E: Unable to locate package nodejs
------

 3 warnings found (use docker --debug to expand):
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 29)
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 27)
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 28)
Dockerfile:4
--------------------
   3 |     
   4 | >>> RUN apt-get update \
   5 | >>>   && apt-get install -y \
   6 | >>>     git \
   7 | >>>     locales \
   8 | >>>     make \
   9 | >>>     nodejs
  10 |     
--------------------
ERROR: failed to build: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c apt-get update   && apt-get install -y     git     locales     make     nodejs" did not complete successfully: exit code: 100
make: *** [Makefile:7: image] Error 1

For make image_alpine, the following error occurs

$ make image_alpine 
docker build -t gh-pages . -f Dockerfile.alpine
[+] Building 120.6s (6/9)                                        docker:default
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile.alpine                0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 613B                                       0.0s
 => WARN: LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of  0.0s
 => WARN: LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of  0.0s
 => WARN: LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of  0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/ruby:3.3-alpine         0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                          0.0s
 => => transferring context: 108B                                          0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                          0.1s
 => => transferring context: 1.91MB                                        0.1s
 => CACHED [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/ruby:3.3-alpine                    0.0s
 => ERROR [2/5] RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache   git               120.5s
------                                                                          
 > [2/5] RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache   git:                            
0.245 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.22/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz                                                                             
60.34 WARNING: updating and opening https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.22/main: Permission denied                                                         
60.34 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.22/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
120.5 4 unavailable, 0 stale; 21 distinct packages available
120.5 WARNING: updating and opening https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.22/community: Permission denied
------

 3 warnings found (use docker --debug to expand):
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 16)
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 17)
 - LegacyKeyValueFormat: "ENV key=value" should be used instead of legacy "ENV key value" format (line 18)
Dockerfile.alpine:3
--------------------
   2 |     
   3 | >>> RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache \
   4 | >>>   git
   5 |     
--------------------
ERROR: failed to build: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c apk update && apk add --no-cache   git" did not complete successfully: exit code: 4
make: *** [Makefile:9: image_alpine] Error 1