[BUG][code-analyzer] SFGE engine fails on for loops with ?? operator

Reproduce the failure with the Apex for-loop example, then start at MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java, especially visitForEachStatement, and follow the GremlinUtil.getChildren call shown in the stack trace. Confirm that SFGE loads the source and builds its graph without throwing UnexpectedException when the ?? operator appears in the loop.

Have you tried to resolve this issue yourself first?

• I confirm I have gone through the above steps and still have an issue to report

Bug Description

When running SFGE engine, we see that when ?? is used in a for loop, there is an error
Example snippet

for (Account a : aList ?? new List<Account>()) { system.debug('do something'); }

I assume this is a bug/issue with underlying AST parser or similar as the ?? operator is relatively new in Apex

Output / Logs

2025-05-20 00:23:01 ERROR Sfge:159 - Unexpected exception while loading graph
com.salesforce.exception.UnexpectedException: vp[FirstChild->true], vp[BeginLine->29], vp[DefiningType_CaseSafe->EXAMPLECLASS...], vp[LastChild->true], vp[DefiningType->EXAMPLECLASS...], vp[EndLine->29], vp[childIdx->0], vp[BeginColumn->4]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.GremlinUtil.getChildren(GremlinUtil.java:60) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor.visitForEachStatement(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:235) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor._visit(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:130) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor._visit(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:159) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor._visit(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:159) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor._visit(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:159) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.MethodPathBuilderVisitor.apply(MethodPathBuilderVisitor.java:97) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.AbstractApexVertexBuilder.afterInsert(AbstractApexVertexBuilder.java:169) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.AbstractApexVertexBuilder.buildVertices(AbstractApexVertexBuilder.java:153) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.AbstractApexVertexBuilder.buildVertices(AbstractApexVertexBuilder.java:125) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.AbstractApexVertexBuilder.buildVertices(AbstractApexVertexBuilder.java:35) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.CustomerApexVertexBuilder.build(CustomerApexVertexBuilder.java:21) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.build.Util.buildGraph(Util.java:39) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.graph.ops.GraphUtil.loadSourceFilesAndFolders(GraphUtil.java:170) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.Sfge$Dependencies.loadSourceFilesAndFoldersToGraph(Sfge.java:249) ~[sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.Sfge.execute(Sfge.java:153) [sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.Sfge.process(Sfge.java:103) [sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]
at com.salesforce.Sfge.main(Sfge.java:71) [sfge-1.0.0.jar:?]

Steps To Reproduce

1. Write apex class containing ?? in for loop.
2. run SFGE engine covering aforementioned code
3. refer to logs

Expected Behavior

?? should be accepted as is valid json.

Operating System

Windows 11

Salesforce CLI Version

@salesforce/cli/2.88.6 win32-x64 node-v22.14.0

Code Analyzer Plugin (code-analyzer) Version

code-analyzer 5.0.0 (>=5.0.0 <6.0.0-0)

Node Version

v22.14.0

Java Version

openjdk version "17.0.11" 2024-04-16 LTS OpenJDK Runtime Environment Zulu17.50+19-CA (build 17.0.11+9-LTS) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu17.50+19-CA (build 17.0.11+9-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

Python Version

No response

Additional Context (Screenshots, Files, etc)

No response

Workaround

bring ?? outside of for loop, assign variable, then use in for loop.

Urgency

Low