Cannot read property 'exports' of undefined

Use loader.js:143 and the generated vendor.js stack as entry points. First reproduce zipbooks/tests/unit/utils/request-log-test on Debian with the listed Ember CLI and Node versions, then compare the working macOS and Semaphore CI environments. Done means the cause is identified, the appropriate fix is made, and the failing test passes on Debian.

All our tests pass on multiple macOS machines, and on semaphore-ci, but when we try to build and run tests on a new debian box, we get this error in loader.js:143

not ok 1320 Chrome 72.0 - TestLoader Failures: zipbooks/tests/unit/utils/request-log-test: could not be loaded
    ---
        actual: >
            null
        stack: >
            TypeError: Cannot read property 'exports' of undefined
                at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)
                at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)
                at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)
                at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)
                at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)
                at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)
                at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)
                at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)
                at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)
                at requireModule (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:32:18)
        message: >
            Died on test #1     at TestLoader.moduleLoadFailure (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:11150:24)
                at TestLoader.<anonymous> (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10463:16)
                at TestLoader.require (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10451:27)
                at TestLoader.loadModules (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10443:16)
                at loadTests (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:11174:22)
                at start (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10857:33)
                at Module.callback (http://localhost:45371/assets/tests.js:20710:25): Cannot read property 'exports' of undefined
        Log: |
            { type: 'info',
              text: '\'Unit assertion failed and test has been paused for inspection.\'\n' }
            { type: 'error',
              text: '{ module: \'TestLoader Failures\',\n  name: \'zipbooks/tests/unit/utils/request-log-test: could not be loaded\',\n  result: false,\n  message: \'Died on test #1     at TestLoader.moduleLoadFailure (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:11150:24)\\n    at TestLoader.<anonymous> (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10463:16)\\n    at TestLoader.require (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10451:27)\\n    at TestLoader.loadModules (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10443:16)\\n    at loadTests (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:11174:22)\\n    at start (http://localhost:45371/assets/test-support.js:10857:33)\\n    at Module.callback (http://localhost:45371/assets/tests.js:20710:25): Cannot read property \\\'exports\\\' of undefined\',\n  actual: null,\n  testId: \'8629d10a\',\n  negative: false,\n  runtime: 1,\n  todo: false,\n  source: \'TypeError: Cannot read property \\\'exports\\\' of undefined\\n    at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)\\n    at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)\\n    at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)\\n    at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)\\n    at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)\\n    at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)\\n    at Module._reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:148:59)\\n    at Module.reify (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:135:27)\\n    at Module.exports (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:109:10)\\n    at requireModule (http://localhost:45371/assets/vendor.js:32:18)\' }\n' }

We cannot find any information or have any guesses what might be causing this error.

ember-cli: 3.1.4
node: 8.5.0
os: linux x64

This felt like a bug to me since the exact same code works on a different operating system, but let me know if I'm wrong and I'll seek help in a more appropriate place