Add support for compile-time input files in java_binary and java_library

Start at the java_binary and java_library rule definitions and trace how javacopts and input files reach the Java compiler. Compare the requested behavior with the C++ rules' additional_linker_inputs and user_link_flags, then verify that compile-time files and location expansion work under processwrapper sandboxing.

Description of the feature request:

Introduce a new attribute, tentatively named java_compiler_inputs, that would specifically hold references to compile-time input files. Additionally, provide support for expanding these file paths using $(location) or similar mechanisms, either within the existing javacopts attribute or a potentially new, toolchain-flag-specific attribute.
Example: Code snippet

java_library(
    name = "dummy_library",
    srcs = ["src/abc.java"],
    java_compiler_inputs = ["compile.properties"],
    javacopts = [
        "-properties",
        "$(location //:compile.properties)",
    ],
) 

Which category does this issue belong to?

java rules

What underlying problem are you trying to solve with this feature?

I am working with a custom Java toolchain (specifically, ECJ https://github.com/salesforce/bazel-jdt-java-toolchain) that supports compile-time options like -properties to consume configuration files during compilation. Currently, there is no dedicated way to provide such files to the Java compiler within Bazel's Java rules. Including these files in the srcs attribute works in some sandbox environments but leads to failures with the processwrapper sandbox.

This feature would improve flexibility when using custom Java toolchains and ensure compatibility across different sandboxing strategies within Bazel. It would be valuable to draw parallels with a similar mechanism already present in Bazel's C++ rules for linker inputs (additional_linker_inputs and user_link_flags).

Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

RHEL7

What is the output of bazel info release?

7.0.2

If bazel info release returns development version or (@non-git), tell us how you built Bazel.

No response

What's the output of git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse HEAD ?

No response

Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

Discussion on providing -properties file, no answers: https://github.com/salesforce/bazel-jdt-java-toolchain/discussions/19

Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

[Sandbox Error]: with processwrapper sandbox

  exec env - \
    LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 \
    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin \
  /usr/lib/jvm/java-17/bin/java --module-path external/ecj/ecj.jar -jar external/bazel_jdt_java_toolchain/compiler/export/JdtJavaBuilder_deploy.jar @bazel-out/k8-opt/bin/bin-SystemLoggerApi-class.jar-0.params @bazel-out/k8-opt/bin/dummy_library-class.jar-1.params)
# Configuration: b958e1a85833ddcf110c5efdbae2648181c90445ef232e2d460d4a581e0c3ee6
# Execution platform: //:linux_gcc_x86
Use --sandbox_debug to see verbose messages from the sandbox and retain the sandbox build root for debugging
properties file compile.properties does not exist